Content for France
Separation of Church and state (1795-1905)
♦ Church-state separation in the French Constitution of 1795 and Law of 1905: Excerpts
♦ France cancels the concordat
♦ Benjamin Franklin's contribution to French secularism
♦ Secularism as precondition for human rights
♦ French baby's human rights cause confrontation with Pope
- Napoleon's concordat and Organic Articles (1801): texts and commentary
♦ Napoleon’s concordat: Introduction and summary
♦ Napoleon’s concordat (1801): text
♦ Organic Articles: (1801): text (How Napoleon tamed the concordat)
♦ Imperial catechism (1806): Extract
♦ Napoleon’s concordat lives on and the Kaiser adds another
- Marshal Pétain’s laws (1940-1943)
This Nazi puppet regime quietly passed laws which amounted to a kind of creeping concordat that eroded French secularism.
♦ Marshal Pétain's marriage of convenience with the Church
♦ Text of Pétain's law of 25 December 1942 — his Christmas gift to the Church
- Under-the-radar concordats
In secular France no one calls them concordats and most French people don't realise that they actually have 14 of them.
♦ Steady erosion of church-state separation in France today
♦ About the Trinity-of-the-Mountains concordats (1828, 1974, 1999, 2005)
♦ Concordat on church & convent of Trinity-of-the-Mountains, Rome (1999): text
♦ Higher education concordat (2008): text
